Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease due to contact with different substances and caused by two mechanisms: allergy and irritation. Contact dermatitis is a common skin disease and the most common occupational dermatosis. Differentiating between allergic and irritant contact dermatitis is essential in the identification of etiologic factor(s) and hence, its control and prognosis. This differentiation can be done only by PATCH test. Unfortunately, this simple, safe and useful test is always neglected. We review the basics of PATCH test, the method of performance, reading and interpretation of its results, possible side effects and results of studies done with PATCH test in different countries.

We present a modified examplar-based inpainting method in the framework of PATCH sparsity. In the examplar-based algorithms, the unknown blocks of target region are inpainted by the most similar blocks extracted from the source region, using the available information. Defining a priority term to decide the filling order of missing pixels ensures the connectivity of the object boundaries. In the exemplar-based PATCH sparsity approach, a sparse representation of missing pixels is considered to define a new priority term and the unknown pixels of the fill-front PATCH is inpainted by a sparse combination of the most similar PATCHes. Here, we modify this representation of the priority term and take a measure to compute the similarities between fill-front and candidate PATCHes. Also, a new definition is proposed for updating the confidence term to illustrate the amount of the reliable information surrounding pixels. Comparative reconstructed test images show the effectiveness of our proposed approach in providing high quality inpainted images.

Background: Various environmental factors can induce or exaggerate hand eczema. Objective: Evaluation of PATCH test results in hand eczema patients. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive study 100 patients with hand eczema referred to Loghman Hakim & Booali Hospital in Tehran underwent PATCH testing with 23 allergens obtained from Hennal Company. Results: 240 positive reactions observed in 86 patients. The most common positive reactions were related to nickel sulfate (30 patients, 13.5%) and potassium dichromate (28 patients, 11.7%). In positive group 28 patients were male and 58 were female. In negative group 3 patients were male and 11 were female (P>0.05). The mean age was 31.7±11.9 years and 24.8± 9.2 years for positive group and negative group, respectively (P<0.05). In positive PATCH test group 49 patients had subacute and 37 patients had chronic eczema. In negative PATCH test 11 patients had subacute eczema and 3 patients had chronic eczema (P>0.05). Conclusion: Performing PATCH test, the allergens involved in hand eczema can be detected. Detecting type of allergens, patients will be able to avoid those materials which can lead to improvement of disease.        

Introduction: Decreasing pain elicited by injections in children results in patient comfort during dental procedures and produces a positive experience towards dental procedures. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of DentiPATCH and 20% benzocaine gel in decreasing injection pain in children referring to Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry.Materials and Methods: Simple sampling method was used in the present clinical trial to select fifty-four 9-12 year-old children (24 males and 30 females). The injection site was dried with air spray for 5 seconds; then DentiPATCH was placed by a dentist on the palate for 12 minutes at a distance of 5-10 mm from the gingival margin. A total of 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine was injected; 10 minutes after the injection the same procedure was repeated on the contra-lateral side with the use of benzocaine gel. Data was collected and analyzed with pained t-test and Wilcoxon test using CPS and VAS scales (a=0.05).Results: Means of CPS in non-anxious children in the benzocaine and DentiPATCH groups were 6.4 and 5.8, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (p value=0.081). Means of VAS in non-anxious children in the benzocaine and DentiPATCH groups were 39.2 and 32.5, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (p value=0.068).Conclusion: Under the limits of the present study, it was concluded that there is no difference between the two methods regarding children’s reaction. Further evaluations are recommended with different application times, especially with the new Dentipatech method.

Monitoring and evaluation of transformers are essential to prevent their insulation failure. In this PAPER, the use of 2-furan-carboxaldehyde (2-FAL) and methanol (MeOH) concentrations as the main products of PAPER insulation degradation, and insulation condition markers, has been studied. In order to study the degradation process and production of degradation products, the thermal aging process of the transformer insulation system was implemented in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory studies show that in the early stages of degradation the amount of MeOH is significant compared to 2-FAL. Also, the estimation of the degree of polymerization (DP) in the early stages of degradation (DP>800) through MeOH concentration and with decreasing DP (DP <800) through 2-FAL concentration is closer to the real value. The results of studies performed on 35 distribution transformers confirm the production of significant amounts of MeOH in the early stages of degradation. Also, the estimated DP values for the studied transformers were obtained through 2-FAL and MeOH concentration. The results show that estimating the amount of DP through MeOH concentration is associated with a probability of error of about 9% compared to estimating DP through 2-FAL concentration.

Introduction: Contact eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease; different materials with irritant and allergic mechanisms can produce this disease. Although history and physical examination are important in diagnosis of allergen, because of extent of several factors, environmental allergens, were not simply recognized. PATCH test is an important diagnostic tool to confirm allergic contact dermatitis and can reduce mistake of clinical diagnoses.Objective: Determine frequency of dermatic allergens in patients with contact or atopic dermatitis who were referred to Razi hospital in Rasht.Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross sectional study during 22 months, 100 patients with clinical diagnoses of contact and atopic dermatitis who referred to Razi hospital PATCH tested with European standard series containing 24 allergens. Their reactions were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 hours after application of PATCH test. Data was collected and were analyzed by SPSS. (P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Among 100 patients, positive PATCH test was seen in 36% which mean age of them was (30.67) years (SD=10.85 The most common involved location was hand (86%) and most common allergens were Nickel sulfate (20%) and potassium dichromate (9%). In this study 6 (25%) of all allergens showed positive reaction.Conclusion: Nickel Sulfate and Potassium Dichromate were the most common contact allergens in our study.

Many roads in forest areas are located along the steep hills. The cut and fill method is currently used for construction of these roads. Settlement or consolidation in not enough compacted soil or creep in down slope, can lead to subsidence and cracks in roads. General methods for solving settlement related problems such as reconstruction, retaining structure and … are expensive. Deep PATCH method is a low- cost method for increasing the stability of slopes. In this method, the upper parts of the subsided area are excavated and replaced with reinforcement materials such as Geo grid in accordance with compacted soil. In this PAPER, limit equilibrium method has been implemented for determining the safety factor of a planar slip surface in a slope. Furthermore, graphs for determining safety factor of reinforced soil slope with Geo synthetics have been proposed.

Background: Traumatic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is a common injury of the ear with a high rate of spontaneous healing if the patients strictly adhere to water precautions. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors involved in the spontaneous healing of traumatic TM perforations in order to ascertain the best treatment plan including observation, PAPER PATCH and finally surgery.Methods: In this correlative-descriptive study, we recorded the outcome of each patient with three-month follow up. Included in this study were a total of 202 forensic medicine patients from the Dept. of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery at the Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. All patients included in this study had traumatic TM perforation. Based on otoscopic examination, the perforations were classified as pinpoint or large. All patients received an audiometry exam and were followed for three months. The data was collected using a special form and analyzed by chi-square test, Fisher exact test and ANOVA.Results: This study consisted of 118 male and 84 female patients with a mean age of 23.6 years (6-48 years). The types of trauma included compression injury (104 patients), instrumental injury (59 patients), bum-slag injury (2 patients) and blast injury (1 patient). One hundred and eighty patients had pinpoint TM perforations, 99.4% of which healed spontaneously by the second month, and 32 patients had large TM perforations, 50% of which healed spontaneously by the second month. During the first month, 87.3% of the patients observing water precautions had healed, however the healing rate was only 5.6% in patients not adhering to water precautions, who suffered from otorrhea. Therefore, during this study, 185 (91.58%) patients had spontaneous healing by two months and only 6 patients of remaining 17 patients healed with PAPER PATCH. The mean hearing loss at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz was 10.55 dB (5-30 dB). conclusion: In our experience, patients with traumatic TM perforations have higher spontaneous healing rate when observing water precautions. Furthermore, we recommend observation and PAPER PATCHing for three months before attempting any surgical intervention in such patients.

In recent few years fractals have been employed in conjunction with antennas to develop new applications. In this work, novel fractal geometry is introduced as a miniaturized microstrip PATCH antenna. Compared to a square PATCH antenna, the antenna shows an improvement of 68% size reduction. Furthermore, by applying of a new feeding method, refereed to here as the sleeve feeding, up to 27% impedance bandwidth is achieved as shown in the experiments.